1. pollute(v.) 意为"使污染，弄脏" pollution (n.) 意为"污染"

词性拓展： pollutant(n.) 污染物

应用：In big cities many old people die from ______.

A. pollute B. polluted C. pollution D. pollutions (C)

2. ban(vt.) 意为"禁止，取缔" (n.) 意为"禁令"

拓展：ban doing sth. 禁止做某事ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事

a ban on sb./sth. 对......的禁令

应用：The film was regarded as being unhealthy and was _____ from being shown in several countries.

A. banned B. protected C. cancelled D. ordered (A)

3. altogether(adv.) 意为"完全，总共，总之，总的说来"

用法：1)"完全地，彻底地"，可修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。

2)"总共"，用来说明数量，可放在数字之前、句首或句末。3)总而言之，

辨析：altogether/all together altogether 是副词，意为"全部地，总而言之"

all together 是副词短语，意为"全体一起，全部在一起"

应用：I invited fifty people ______, but only half of them were present.

A. all together B. altogether C. together D. alltogether (B)

4. solution(n.) a solution to the problem 问题的解决方案

应用：It may ______ ___ ____ _____ to find a ______ ___ the problem.

也许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的方法 (take a long time solution to)

词性拓展： solve(vt.) 解决，解答

§重点短语

make a/one's living 意为"谋生"拓展：earn a/one's living 谋生

e.g.

①He made a living as a writer.他当靠作家谋生。

②He made a good living by selling vegetables.他靠卖菜过着优裕的生活。

注：▲后跟职业，说明身份时，make a living后加as短语，意为"作为......而谋生"；说明手段时，make a living后加by/from短语，意为"通过......的方式谋生"