(4)can表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句(could无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定,常用于"can/could+have+过去分词"的否定或疑问形式。
This can't/couldn't be done by him.
这不可能是他干的。
We could go there this summer.
今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。
He can't/couldn't have been to that town.
他不可能去过那个城镇。
(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。
How can you be so careless!
你怎么那么粗心呀!
[辨析比较]
can can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could;用在过去时中,could经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做。 be able to be able to有多种时态形式,was/were able to则表示"过去做成了某事"。 [即时演练1]
完成句子
①我快饿死了,现在我能吃两碗米饭。
I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice now.
②对不起我一直没能给你回信。
I am sorry I haven't_been_able_to answer your letter.
③那时候这个小男孩还不会游泳。
At that time the little boy couldn't swim.
④他是一个很擅长游泳的人,所以当船下沉时,他能够游到河岸上。
He was a good swimmer so he was_able_to swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
⑤他不可能在家--我刚才在超市看见他了。
He can't be at home - I saw him in the supermarket just now.
2.may (might)
(1)表示允许,might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like.
你喜欢什么就拿什么。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby?
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?
[名师点津] 对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can, 但作否定回答时要用mustn't或can't。
-May I smoke here?
--我可以在这里吸烟吗?
-No, you mustn't. You'd better not.
--不,不可以。你最好不要吸烟。
(2)表示可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气不肯定。
He may be at home at the moment.
他现在可能在家。
She may not know about it.
她可能不知道这件事。
(3)用于表祝愿的句子中。
May both the bride and groom have long and happy lives.
祝新娘新郎幸福长寿。
[即时演练2]
用适当的情态动词填空
①(2015·陕西高考)You may feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
②(江西高考)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest might become the richest.
3.must (have to)