2019-2020学年人教版高中英语选修8创新教案:Unit 2 Section 4
2019-2020学年人教版高中英语选修8创新教案:Unit 2 Section 4第3页

  mammals is still a new science and its story only began seriously in the 1950s as this list shows:

  1950s cloning of frogs

  1970s research using the embryos of mice

  1979 work on embryos of sheep and mice

  1981 first experimental clones of mice

  1983 first experimental clones of cows

  1996 first clone of a mammal: Dolly the sheep

  2000 cow gave birth to a bison

  2001 China's first cloned twin calves

  2002 first cloned cats

  2005 first cloned dog

  ...

  From time to time people suggest that extinct animals like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to life through cloning. Unfortunately, with what we know now, this is either impossible or unsuitable. There are many reasons.

  ·The initial requirement is that you need perfect DNA (which gives information for how cells are to grow).

  ·All efforts of cloning an animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses. Diversity in

   a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways. The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. The great drawback to cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so might die of the same illness. Then none of them would be left to continue the species.

  ·It would be unfair to clone any extinct animals if they were to live in a zoo. A suitable habitat would be needed for them to lead a natural life.

  Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years. Actually, dinosaurs disappeared 65,000,000 years ago. So the chance of dinosaurs ever returning to the earth is merely a dream.

  恐龙的回归?

  克隆凶猛和灭绝的野生动物的可能性一直使电影制片商感到兴奋。然而他们并不是唯一对此感到兴奋的人!在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中,有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎,证明了这一想法使人们感到既恐惧又兴奋。但事实上,要想克隆绝种动物,我们还有很长的路程要走。科学家们现在还在进行克隆哺乳动物的试验,这是因为克隆哺乳动物仍然还是一门新的科学,这是从20世纪50年代才开始进行认真研究的,如下表所示:

  20世纪50年代:克隆青蛙

  20世纪70年代:用老鼠胚胎进行研究

  1979年:对羊和老鼠的胚胎进行研究

  1981年:首次对老鼠进行试验性的克隆

  1983年:首次对母牛进行试验性的克隆

  1996年:首次克隆哺乳动物:多莉羊

  2000年:母牛生野牛

  2001年:中国首次克隆出双胞胎小牛

  2002年:首次克隆猫

  2005年:首次克隆狗

  ......

  不时地会有人提议,克隆技术将有可能使地球上已经消失的动物(如恐龙)复活。不幸的是,据我们现在所知这是不可能的,也是不合适的。其原因有很多:

  ·首先要求你有完好的DNA(它提供有关细胞将如何生长的信息)。

·如果某个动物群体没有足够的多样性以战胜疾病,那么克隆这种动物的所有努力都将是无用的。群体的多样性是指这群动物的基因以不同的方式排列。其优点是,如果发生了某种新的疾病,这类动物中的一些可能会死去,而另外一些却能存活下来,并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。经过克隆的动物群体的最大缺点是:它们的基因排列有可能完全相同,因而